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Ectodermal Dysplasia

FACTS:

• Ectodermal dysplasia are various types of genetic disorders that affect the outer layer of tissue (ectoderm) in a developing baby.
• The ectoderm is a tissue which eventually forms many parts of a developing baby’s body. The skin, sweat glands, mucous glands, hair, teeth, nails, lens of the eye, parts of the inner ear, fingers, toes, and nerves may be abnormal.
• Ectodermal dysplasia syndromes affect both males and females of all races and ethnic groups.
• Physical symptoms can range from mild to severe. It can affect two or more of the following eyes, teeth, hair, sweat glands, mucous glands, and/or skin.
• Very few types of ectodermal dysplasia involve learning difficulties.
• All ectodermal dysplasia disorders are genetic (inherited or passed on to children).  This is something that could not have been prevented or controlled.
• In some case, ectodermal dysplasia is apparent at birth.  In other cases, it may be discovered later.

TREATMENT:

• There is no cure for ectodermal dysplasia, but many treatments are        available for the different problems affecting the child.
• Affected children may have thick or abnormally shaped fingernails and toenails.  They may also be discolored, ridged, or brittle.  The cuticles may be prone to infections.  Keeping the hands and toes clean may reduce the risk of infections.
• Children with ectodermal dysplasia may have abnormal hair follicles.  The hair and scalp may be thin, sparse and very light in color.
• The skin may be lightly pigmented.  Skin can be prone to rashes and infections.  The skin may become thick over the palms and soles of feet.  Cleanliness is important to prevent cracking, bleeding, and infection.
• Some children may not be able to sweat due to a lack of sweat glands.  Without normal sweat gland function the body cannot regulate temperature properly and can overheat. Care must be taken to prevent overheating, especially in hot weather as heat exhaustion or stroke may occur easily in these children.  Access to a cool environment is important, as is giving a child plenty of fluids.    
• Abnormal development of the teeth usually results in missing teeth or teeth that are peg-shaped or pointed.  The tooth enamel may also defective.  It is important to have a dentist evaluate a child with these defects as early as possible.
• Some types of ectodermal dysplasia may affect parts of the eye.            This may result in dryness of the eye, cataracts, and vision defects. It is important to have eye examinations and care for the eyes.  Sometimes moisturizing eye drops help prevent dryness.
• Abnormalities in the development of the ear may cause hearing problems. Consult a doctor if this is suspected.
• Children with abnormal mucous glands may have dry nasal and mouth passages.  They may be more prone to respiratory infections.